Our GcMAF is tested for macrophage phagocytic activity using mouse macrophages and sheep red blood cells at the University of Tokushima, Japan.
The red blood cells are opsonized which marks them for ingestion and destruction by activated macrophages. Under the microscope this can be seen as purple areas in the clear cells. From this we calculate the Phagocytosis (ingestion) Index (PI).
See also Tests of Second Generation GcMAF for more details.